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RECOMENDACIONES PARA IR A LA MONTAÑA, LA HIPOTERMIA

La hipotermia es, seguramente, el peor enemigo en alta montaña. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo pierde más calor del que puede generar. En la mayoría de los casos, se presenta después de períodos prolongados en el frío.En muchas ocasiones es más peligrosa que una grave lesión y es más importante combatirla antes que a cualquier otro percance para asegurar nuestra supervivencia…

 Los síntomas de la hipotermia

  • Somnolencia
  • Debilidad y pérdida de coordinación
  • Piel pálida y fría
  • Confusión
  • Temblor incontrolable (aunque con temperaturas corporales extremadamente bajas el temblor puede cesar)
  • Frecuencia cardíaca o respiratoria lentas

Primeros auxilios

 Tome las siguientes medidas si piensa que alguien tiene hipotermia:

  1. Si la persona está inconsciente, examine las vías respiratorias, la respiración y la circulación. Comience a dar respiración boca a boca o RCP si es necesario. Si la víctima está respirando a un ritmo de menos de seis respiraciones por minuto, comience a darle respiración boca a boca.
  2. Lleve a la persona a un área bajo techo con temperatura ambiente y cúbrala con mantas calientes. Si no es posible ir hasta un sitio cubierto, retire a la persona del viento y use una manta para aislarla del suelo frío. Cubra la cabeza y el cuello de la persona para ayudar a retener el calor corporal.
  3. Una vez dentro, quítele las ropas húmedas o ajustadas y reemplácelas por ropas secas.
  4. Caliente a la persona. De ser necesario, emplee el cuerpo suyo para ayudarla a calentarse. Aplique compresas tibias en el cuello, la pared torácica y la ingle. Si la víctima está despierta y puede tragar con facilidad, bríndele líquidos dulces y calientes, no alcohólicos, para ayudar con el calentamiento.
  5. Permanezca con la persona hasta que llegue la ayuda médica.

No se debe

  • NO suponga que una persona que se encuentra acostada e inmóvil en el frío ya está muerta.
  • NO use calor directo, como agua caliente, almohadillas eléctricas ni lámparas de calor para calentar a la persona.
  • NO le dé alcohol.

Prevención

Antes de pasar un tiempo al aire libre expuesto al frío, NO consuma alcohol ni fume. Tome mucho líquido, consuma alimentos y descanse.

Use prendas de vestir adecuadas en temperaturas frías para proteger el cuerpo, como las siguientes:

  • Mitones (no guantes)
  • Varias capas de ropa impermeable y rompeviento
  • Dos pares de medias (evite el algodón)
  • Una bufanda y un sombrero que cubra las orejas (para evitar la pérdida considerable de calor a través de la parte superior de la cabeza)
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